feat: stability improvements, see detail below

Key stability improvements made (deterministic + bounded)
1) Bounded memory usage in long-running stats
Fixed unbounded growth in NetworkState latency tracking:
Replaced std::vector<uint16_t> m_latency + push_back() with a fixed-size ring buffer (kLatencyWindow = 1024) and explicit counters.
Median latency computation now operates on at most 1024 samples, preventing memory growth and avoiding performance cliffs from ever-growing copies/sorts.
2) Prevent crash/UAF on shutdown + more predictable teardown
Controller shutdown ordering (Controller::stop()):
Now stops m_miner before destroying m_network.
This reduces chances of worker threads submitting results into a network listener that’s already destroyed.
Thread teardown hardening (backend/common/Thread.h):
Destructor now checks std:🧵:joinable() before join().
Avoids std::terminate() if a thread object exists but never started due to early exit/error paths.
3) Fixed real leaks (including executable memory)
Executable memory leak fixed (crypto/cn/CnCtx.cpp):
CnCtx::create() allocates executable memory for generated_code via VirtualMemory::allocateExecutableMemory(0x4000, ...).
Previously CnCtx::release() only _mm_free()’d the struct, leaking the executable mapping.
Now CnCtx::release() frees generated_code before freeing the ctx.
GPU verification leak fixed (net/JobResults.cpp):
In getResults() (GPU result verification), a cryptonight_ctx was created via CnCtx::create() but never released.
Added CnCtx::release(ctx, 1).
4) JobResults: bounded queues + backpressure + safe shutdown semantics
The old JobResults could:

enqueue unlimited std::list items (m_results, m_bundles) → unbounded RAM,
call uv_queue_work per async batch → unbounded libuv threadpool backlog,
delete handler directly while worker threads might still submit → potential crash/UAF.
Changes made:

Hard queue limits:
kMaxQueuedResults = 4096
kMaxQueuedBundles = 256
Excess is dropped (bounded behavior under load).
Async coalescing:
Only one pending async notification at a time (m_pendingAsync), reducing eventfd/uv wake storms.
Bounded libuv work scheduling:
Only one uv_queue_work is scheduled at a time (m_workScheduled), preventing CPU starvation and unpredictable backlog.
Safe shutdown:
JobResults::stop() now detaches global handler first, then calls handler->stop().
Shutdown detaches m_listener, clears queues, and defers deletion until in-flight work is done.
Defensive bound on GPU result count:
Clamp count to 0xFF inside JobResults as well, not just in the caller, to guard against corrupted kernels/drivers.
5) Idempotent cleanup
VirtualMemory::destroy() now sets pool = nullptr after delete:
prevents accidental double-delete on repeated teardown paths.
Verification performed
codespell . --config ./.codespellrc: clean
CMake configure + build completed successfully (Release build)

Signed-off-by: rezky_nightky <with.rezky@gmail.com>

src/backend/common/Thread.h

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public:
         }
     }
 #   else
-    inline ~Thread() { m_thread.join(); delete m_worker; }
+    inline ~Thread() { if (m_thread.joinable()) { m_thread.join(); } delete m_worker; }
 
     inline void start(void *(*callback)(void *))    { m_thread = std::thread(callback, this); }
 #   endif

src/base/net/stratum/NetworkState.cpp

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ void xmrig::NetworkState::printResults() const
     printHashes(m_accepted, m_hashes);
     printDiff(m_diff);
 
-    if (m_active && !m_latency.empty()) {
+    if (m_active && m_latencyCount > 0) {
         printAvgTime(avgTime());
     }
 
@@ -298,13 +298,19 @@ void xmrig::NetworkState::onResultAccepted(IStrategy *strategy, IClient *client,
 
 uint32_t xmrig::NetworkState::latency() const
 {
-    const size_t calls = m_latency.size();
+    const size_t calls = m_latencyCount;
     if (calls == 0) {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    auto v = m_latency;
+    std::array<uint16_t, kLatencyWindow> v;
-    std::nth_element(v.begin(), v.begin() + calls / 2, v.end());
+    const size_t start = (m_latencyPos + kLatencyWindow - calls) % kLatencyWindow;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < calls; ++i) {
+        v[i] = m_latency[(start + i) % kLatencyWindow];
+    }
+
+    std::nth_element(v.begin(), v.begin() + calls / 2, v.begin() + calls);
 
     return v[calls / 2];
 }
@@ -312,11 +318,11 @@ uint32_t xmrig::NetworkState::latency() const
 
 uint64_t xmrig::NetworkState::avgTime() const
 {
-    if (m_latency.empty()) {
+    if (m_latencyCount == 0) {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    return connectionTime() / m_latency.size();
+    return connectionTime() / m_latencyCount;
 }
 
 
@@ -342,7 +348,12 @@ void xmrig::NetworkState::add(const SubmitResult &result, const char *error)
         std::sort(m_topDiff.rbegin(), m_topDiff.rend());
     }
 
-    m_latency.push_back(result.elapsed > 0xFFFF ? 0xFFFF : static_cast<uint16_t>(result.elapsed));
+    m_latency[m_latencyPos] = result.elapsed > 0xFFFF ? 0xFFFF : static_cast<uint16_t>(result.elapsed);
+    m_latencyPos            = (m_latencyPos + 1) % kLatencyWindow;
+
+    if (m_latencyCount < kLatencyWindow) {
+        m_latencyCount++;
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -355,5 +366,6 @@ void xmrig::NetworkState::stop()
     m_fingerprint = nullptr;
 
     m_failures++;
-    m_latency.clear();
+    m_latencyCount = 0;
+    m_latencyPos   = 0;
 }

src/base/net/stratum/NetworkState.h

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 
 #include <array>
 #include <string>
-#include <vector>
 
 
 namespace xmrig {
@@ -60,6 +59,8 @@ protected:
     void onResultAccepted(IStrategy *strategy, IClient *client, const SubmitResult &result, const char *error) override;
 
 private:
+    constexpr static size_t kLatencyWindow = 1024;
+
     uint32_t latency() const;
     uint64_t avgTime() const;
     uint64_t connectionTime() const;
@@ -70,7 +71,9 @@ private:
     bool m_active               = false;
     char m_pool[256]{};
     std::array<uint64_t, 10> m_topDiff { { } };
-    std::vector<uint16_t> m_latency;
+    std::array<uint16_t, kLatencyWindow> m_latency { { } };
+    size_t m_latencyCount      = 0;
+    size_t m_latencyPos        = 0;
     String m_fingerprint;
     String m_ip;
     String m_tls;

src/core/Controller.cpp

@@ -76,10 +76,12 @@ void xmrig::Controller::stop()
 {
     Base::stop();
 
-    m_network.reset();
+    if (m_miner) {
-
         m_miner->stop();
         m_miner.reset();
+    }
+
+    m_network.reset();
 }
 
 

src/crypto/cn/CnCtx.cpp

@@ -49,6 +49,15 @@ void xmrig::CnCtx::release(cryptonight_ctx **ctx, size_t count)
     }
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (ctx[i] && ctx[i]->generated_code) {
+#           ifdef XMRIG_OS_WIN
+            VirtualMemory::freeLargePagesMemory(reinterpret_cast<void *>(ctx[i]->generated_code), 0);
+#           else
+            VirtualMemory::freeLargePagesMemory(reinterpret_cast<void *>(ctx[i]->generated_code), 0x4000);
+#           endif
+            ctx[i]->generated_code = nullptr;
+        }
+
         _mm_free(ctx[i]);
     }
 }

src/crypto/common/VirtualMemory.cpp

@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ uint32_t xmrig::VirtualMemory::bindToNUMANode(int64_t)
 void xmrig::VirtualMemory::destroy()
 {
     delete pool;
+    pool = nullptr;
 }
 
 

src/net/JobResults.cpp

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 
 
 #include <cassert>
+#include <atomic>
 #include <list>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -66,6 +67,9 @@ namespace xmrig {
 
 
 #if defined(XMRIG_FEATURE_OPENCL) || defined(XMRIG_FEATURE_CUDA)
+class JobResultsPrivate;
+
+
 class JobBundle
 {
 public:
@@ -86,14 +90,14 @@ public:
 class JobBaton : public Baton<uv_work_t>
 {
 public:
-    inline JobBaton(std::list<JobBundle> &&bundles, IJobResultListener *listener, bool hwAES) :
+    inline JobBaton(std::list<JobBundle> &&bundles, JobResultsPrivate *owner, bool hwAES) :
         hwAES(hwAES),
-        listener(listener),
+        owner(owner),
         bundles(std::move(bundles))
     {}
 
     const bool hwAES;
-    IJobResultListener *listener;
+    JobResultsPrivate *owner;
     std::list<JobBundle> bundles;
     std::vector<JobResult> results;
     uint32_t errors = 0;
@@ -188,6 +192,8 @@ static void getResults(JobBundle &bundle, std::vector<JobResult> &results, uint3
 
             checkHash(bundle, results, nonce, hash, errors);
         }
+
+        CnCtx::release(ctx, 1);
     }
 
     delete memory;
@@ -200,6 +206,11 @@ class JobResultsPrivate : public IAsyncListener
 public:
     XMRIG_DISABLE_COPY_MOVE_DEFAULT(JobResultsPrivate)
 
+    constexpr static size_t kMaxQueuedResults = 4096;
+#   if defined(XMRIG_FEATURE_OPENCL) || defined(XMRIG_FEATURE_CUDA)
+    constexpr static size_t kMaxQueuedBundles = 256;
+#   endif
+
     inline JobResultsPrivate(IJobResultListener *listener, bool hwAES) :
         m_hwAES(hwAES),
         m_listener(listener)
@@ -214,23 +225,76 @@ public:
     inline void submit(const JobResult &result)
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+
+        if (m_stopping) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (m_results.size() >= kMaxQueuedResults) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         m_results.push_back(result);
 
+        if (m_async && !m_pendingAsync.exchange(true)) {
             m_async->send();
         }
+    }
 
 
 #   if defined(XMRIG_FEATURE_OPENCL) || defined(XMRIG_FEATURE_CUDA)
     inline void submit(const Job &job, uint32_t *results, size_t count, uint32_t device_index)
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+
+        if (count > 0xFF) {
+            count = 0xFF;
+        }
+
+        if (m_stopping) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (m_bundles.size() >= kMaxQueuedBundles) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         m_bundles.emplace_back(job, results, count, device_index);
 
+        if (m_async && !m_pendingAsync.exchange(true)) {
             m_async->send();
         }
+    }
 #   endif
 
 
+    inline void stop()
+    {
+        bool deleteNow = false;
+
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+            m_stopping = true;
+            m_listener = nullptr;
+            m_results.clear();
+
+#           if defined(XMRIG_FEATURE_OPENCL) || defined(XMRIG_FEATURE_CUDA)
+            m_bundles.clear();
+            m_workScheduled = false;
+            m_deleteWhenDone = true;
+            deleteNow = (m_pendingWork == 0);
+#           else
+            deleteNow = true;
+#           endif
+        }
+
+        if (deleteNow) {
+            m_async.reset();
+            delete this;
+        }
+    }
+
+
 protected:
     inline void onAsync() override  { submit(); }
 
@@ -239,23 +303,33 @@ private:
 #   if defined(XMRIG_FEATURE_OPENCL) || defined(XMRIG_FEATURE_CUDA)
     inline void submit()
     {
+        m_pendingAsync.store(false);
+
         std::list<JobBundle> bundles;
         std::list<JobResult> results;
 
         m_mutex.lock();
-        m_bundles.swap(bundles);
         m_results.swap(results);
+
+        const bool canScheduleWork = !m_workScheduled && !m_stopping && !m_bundles.empty();
+        if (canScheduleWork) {
+            m_bundles.swap(bundles);
+            m_workScheduled = true;
+            m_pendingWork++;
+        }
         m_mutex.unlock();
 
         for (const auto &result : results) {
+            if (m_listener) {
                 m_listener->onJobResult(result);
             }
+        }
 
         if (bundles.empty()) {
             return;
         }
 
-        auto baton = new JobBaton(std::move(bundles), m_listener, m_hwAES);
+        auto baton = new JobBaton(std::move(bundles), this, m_hwAES);
 
         uv_queue_work(uv_default_loop(), &baton->req,
             [](uv_work_t *req) {
@@ -268,8 +342,67 @@ private:
             [](uv_work_t *req, int) {
                 auto baton = static_cast<JobBaton*>(req->data);
 
-                for (const auto &result : baton->results) {
+                if (baton->owner) {
-                    baton->listener->onJobResult(result);
+                    baton->owner->onBatonDone(std::move(baton->results));
+                }
+
+                delete baton;
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+
+    inline void onBatonDone(std::vector<JobResult> &&results)
+    {
+        for (const auto &result : results) {
+            if (m_listener) {
+                m_listener->onJobResult(result);
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::list<JobBundle> bundles;
+
+        m_mutex.lock();
+
+        m_pendingWork--;
+
+        const bool canScheduleWork = !m_stopping && !m_bundles.empty();
+        if (canScheduleWork) {
+            m_bundles.swap(bundles);
+            m_pendingWork++;
+        }
+        else {
+            m_workScheduled = false;
+        }
+
+        const bool canDelete = m_deleteWhenDone && m_pendingWork == 0;
+        m_mutex.unlock();
+
+        if (canDelete) {
+            m_async.reset();
+            delete this;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (bundles.empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto baton = new JobBaton(std::move(bundles), this, m_hwAES);
+
+        uv_queue_work(uv_default_loop(), &baton->req,
+            [](uv_work_t *req) {
+                auto baton = static_cast<JobBaton*>(req->data);
+
+                for (JobBundle &bundle : baton->bundles) {
+                    getResults(bundle, baton->results, baton->errors, baton->hwAES);
+                }
+            },
+            [](uv_work_t *req, int) {
+                auto baton = static_cast<JobBaton*>(req->data);
+
+                if (baton->owner) {
+                    baton->owner->onBatonDone(std::move(baton->results));
                 }
 
                 delete baton;
@@ -279,6 +412,8 @@ private:
 #   else
     inline void submit()
     {
+        m_pendingAsync.store(false);
+
         std::list<JobResult> results;
 
         m_mutex.lock();
@@ -286,9 +421,11 @@ private:
         m_mutex.unlock();
 
         for (const auto &result : results) {
+            if (m_listener) {
                 m_listener->onJobResult(result);
             }
         }
+    }
 #   endif
 
     const bool m_hwAES;
@@ -296,9 +433,14 @@ private:
     std::list<JobResult> m_results;
     std::mutex m_mutex;
     std::shared_ptr<Async> m_async;
+    std::atomic<bool> m_pendingAsync{ false };
+    bool m_stopping = false;
 
 #   if defined(XMRIG_FEATURE_OPENCL) || defined(XMRIG_FEATURE_CUDA)
     std::list<JobBundle> m_bundles;
+    bool m_workScheduled = false;
+    uint32_t m_pendingWork = 0;
+    bool m_deleteWhenDone = false;
 #   endif
 };
 
@@ -325,11 +467,12 @@ void xmrig::JobResults::setListener(IJobResultListener *listener, bool hwAES)
 
 void xmrig::JobResults::stop()
 {
-    assert(handler != nullptr);
+    auto h = handler;
-
-    delete handler;
-
     handler = nullptr;
+
+    if (h) {
+        h->stop();
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -347,8 +490,6 @@ void xmrig::JobResults::submit(const Job& job, uint32_t nonce, const uint8_t* re
 
 void xmrig::JobResults::submit(const JobResult &result)
 {
-    assert(handler != nullptr);
-
     if (handler) {
         handler->submit(result);
     }